Megachem Limited Annual Report 2015 91 Notes to the Financial Statements 31 December 2015 2. Significant accounting policies and other explanatory information (cont’d) 2A. Significant accounting policies (cont’d) Fair value measurement (cont’d) The carrying values of current financial instruments approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments and the disclosures of fair value are not made when the carrying amount of current financial instruments is a reasonable approximation of the fair value. The fair values of non-current financial instruments may not be disclosed separately unless there are significant differences at the end of the reporting year and in the event the fair values are disclosed in the relevant notes to the financial statements. Provisions A liability or provision is recognised when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. A provision is made using best estimates of the amount required in settlement and where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount recognised is the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense. Changes in estimates are reflected in profit or loss in the reporting year they occur. 2B. Critical judgements, assumptions and estimation uncertainties The critical judgements made in the process of applying the accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements and the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting year, that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities currently or within the next financial year are discussed below. These estimates and assumptions are periodically monitored to ensure they incorporate all relevant information available at the date when financial statements are prepared. However, this does not prevent actual figures differing from estimates. Net realisable value of inventories: A review is made periodically on inventory for excess inventory, obsolescence and declines in net realisable value below cost and an allowance is recorded against the inventory balance for any such declines. These reviews require management to consider the future demand for the products. In any case the realisable value represents the best estimate of the recoverable amount and is based on the most reliable evidence available at the end of the reporting year and inherently involves estimates regarding the future expected realisable value. The usual considerations for determining the amount of allowance or write-down include ageing analysis, technical assessment and subsequent events. In general, such an evaluation process requires significant judgement and materially affects the carrying amount of inventories at the end of the reporting year. Possible changes in these estimates could result in revisions to the stated value of the inventories. The carrying amount of inventories at the end of the reporting year is disclosed in the note on inventories. Allowance for doubtful trade accounts: An allowance is made for doubtful trade accounts for estimated losses resulting from the subsequent inability of the customers to make required payments. If the financial conditions of the customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required in future periods. To the extent that it is feasible impairment and uncollectibility is determined individually for each item. In cases where that process is not feasible, a collective evaluation of impairment is performed. At the end of the reporting year, the trade receivables carrying amount approximates the fair value and the carrying amounts might change materially within the next reporting year but these changes may not arise from assumptions or other sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting year. The carrying amount is disclosed in the note on trade and other receivables.
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